By Dr.Supachai Ekwattanakit
B.SC., Ph.D., M.D.,
Thai Board of Adult Hematology
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from pericytes, cells that surround various blood vessels. As a result, they can be found throughout the body.
These cells play a crucial role in supporting the function of committed progenitor cells or adult stem cells in different organs. The most accessible sources of MSCs are bone marrow and adipose tissue. In newborns, they can be harvested from umbilical cord tissue.
A key mechanism of MSC action is their ability to communicate with other cells in the body, particularly within the immune system, a process known as immunomodulation. This makes them suitable for treating diseases involving immune system disorders, such as inflammation and organ injuries.
Current data suggests that MSCs have limited ability to differentiate into specific tissues in the body, a process that primarily occurs in laboratory settings. However, MSCs effectively facilitate cell-to-cell communication, especially between stem cells residing in various organs.
Additionally, MSCs possess a property called homing, which allows them to migrate to areas of the body that require repair in response to distress signals. Therefore, MSCs can be administered intravenously to reach target tissues, eliminating the need for direct injection into the vicinity of the affected organ.
MSCs also exhibit antimicrobial properties, pain-relieving effects, and the ability to reduce wrinkles."
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